Sweet things are good, no? Of course sweet things are good. What about the newer semaglutides (such as Ozempic, Wegovy, and Rybelsus)? First, let’s take a look at some basic facts about sugar and carbohydrates generally. Sugar and carbohydrates are related, but they aren’t the same. Carbohydrates are a macronutrient found in many foods and drinks. They are made up of sugar molecules, and they serve as the body’s primary source of energy. Carbohydrates come in various forms, including sugars, starches, and fiber. Sugars are a type of carbohydrate. They are the simplest form of carbohydrates and are often referred to as “simple carbohydrates” because they are easily broken down by the body into glucose (a form of sugar that provides energy).
A diet rich in whole, unprocessed carbohydrates like whole grains, vegetables, and legumes is associated with good health, including better heart health and a lower risk of chronic diseases. However, overconsumption of refined carbohydrates (like white bread, candy, packaged snacks, or pastries) can lead to weight gain and other health problems. The average American consumes approximately 152 pounds (69 kg) of sugar annually, including both natural and added sugars. The U.S. Dietary Guidelines recommend limiting added sugar to less than 10% of daily calories. However, many Americans exceed this recommendation, consuming roughly 17 teaspoons (71.14 grams) of added sugar per day. The largest sources of added sugars in the American diet come from sugary beverages (sodas, energy drinks, fruit drinks), desserts, and sweets (cookies, candy, pastries).
Why is this important? Excessive sugar consumption has been linked to increased risks of obesity, Type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and tooth decay. Obesity rates in the U.S. have risen significantly, and high sugar intake is considered a contributing factor. The American Heart Association recommends that women limit their sugar intake to 6 teaspoons (25 grams) per day and men to 9 teaspoons (36 grams).
How are sugar and processed carbohydrates related to mental health? High sugar and processed carbohydrate consumption leads to rapid blood sugar spikes and crashes, which can cause mood swings, irritability, fatigue, and difficulty concentrating (many “classic” ADHD symptoms). Over time, these fluctuations increase the risk of mood disorders such as depression and anxiety. Diets high in sugar are linked to chronic inflammation and insulin resistance, both of which are associated with poor mental health. Sugar also temporarily boosts serotonin, leading to cravings, but this effect is short-lived and can create a cycle of dependence. Additionally, excess sugar consumption can impair cognitive function, disrupt gut health, increase stress hormone levels, and contribute to long-term mental health issues.
As you see, it is very important to address a person’s consumption of sugars and processed carbohydrates when trying to help them overcome a mental illness, in addition to any medicines that will help the process. For those who are very overweight, drugs like the semaglutides may cause improved mental health as a result of weight loss, including increased self-esteem, reduced anxiety, and better overall well-being. Weight loss itself can have a positive effect on mental health in those struggling with obesity-related issues.
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Harrison Levine
